The varicose veins of the lower ends are a consequence of a sedentary lifestyle (in over 75% of cases) inherent in most modern professions.To stop the first signs of the disease, it is sufficient to change nutritional habits and increase physical activity.The varicose veins on the legs are full of the appearance of trophic ulcers.Therefore, it is inappropriate and not safe to start the state of health.
What is varicose veins?
The disease is directly related to venous blood flow.More often the blood stagnates in the veins, the greater the probability of expanding their walls.A healthy organism contributes to a complete blood circulation (in addition to cardiac activity) through a regular reduction in muscle fibers.Thanks to the functioning of the muscles:
- The pressure systematically increases and decreases in the pots
- The valves of the veins work harmoniously: they open and close accordingly to the rhythm of the heart
- Blood does not have time to stagnate, the speed of its circulation allows you to pump in the middle of the veins
If the arterial blood flow of the legs is facilitated by the power of attraction, then for the implementation of the venous, the body makes further efforts, pushing the blood from the bottom up to the heart.The incomplete closure of the vene valves is the cause of the destabilization of blood circulation.The blood staging between the valves causes even greater expansion of the veins.This condition is called varicose veins.
Symptoms
If you do not pay attention to the first signs of pathology, there is a high risk for its subsequent progression in more serious stages.The results are potentially disappointing, until the beginning of death.Therefore, do not delay prevention and therapy, when the following symptoms appear:
- Bond of pain the lower limbs, there is greater fatigue.
- The veins of a dark shade (bluish or reddish) swell over the surface of the skin.
- The swelling of the legs (with damage to the surface and deep veins), sometimes convulsions are possible.
- Pigment stains on ankle skin, legs.
The neglected phases are characterized by the formation of ulcers.Their location is mainly the area of the legal joints.The above signs indicate a pathogenesis of the varicose veins.
Stage I and II
They are caused by the presence of pain, night convulsions in the legs, a sense of gravity.But diagnostic information do not indicate the presence of the disease.A vascular network, bluish nodules or "stars" is manifested.The enlarged vein is visible and palpated.After an acute load on the legs or long -term remain in the seat, the ships increase in volume.
Phase III and IV
They are characterized by a systematic swelling of the legs, mainly in the evening, when the body manages to get tired in one day.In the morning, the symptoms are reduced due to night rest.Below are the predecessors of trophic ulcers:
- Innatural dark skin tone (up to black) -to the excessive accumulation of pigments.
- Inflammation of the epithelial tissue of various intensity - from the minor redness to the vast crying eczu.
- Atrophic processes of the epidermis, which involve the cavities of a light shade on the skin of the legs.
A trophic ulcer occurs due to the lack of nutrients in the lower limbs.In the last 4 phases of an ulcer, he acquires a chronic character and does not heal for a long time.
Phase of varicose veins
Naive patients believe that if varicose veins manifest themselves visually, there is nothing to worry about.Diagnosis can show the presence of a disease even with the more minimal symptoms: gravity, periodic tingling and unpleasant sensations in the legs.It is necessary to carefully treat your sensations, in particular with convulsions or pain in the calves.The prescribed medicines, the therapeutic procedures improve venous patency in the legs, the state of the cardiovascular system of the entire body.
Primary
It has an independent form of pathogenesis.It is determined by a genetic predisposition against the background of a congenital anomaly of connective tissue, vascular walls.Blood circulation interrupted in such patients is natural.The provocative factor of the primary varicose veins is:
- The excess body weight of the body
- Pregnancy in which the load increases on ships
- Long -term nosa or socks with narrow elastic bands
- Daily activities that suggest a long -term stay in an upright position
If the venous walls are weak from the moment of birth, any of the above circumstances cause the destabilization of the blood flow and the development of the pathology.
Secondary
Reproduction and middle age women are subject to its development.Secondary varicose veins are a consequence of an inactive lifestyle, hormonal disorders, pregnancy, excessive stress on the legs.The pathology was born as a complication of the diseases transmitted of infectious or oncological genesis.The etiology of the disease includes traumatic vascular damage.Degenerative changes lead to the following phenomena:
- Damage to the integrity of the venous valves
- deterioration of the muscle tone of vascular walls
- poor tissue nutrition, lack of oxygen enrichment
- Violation of the flow of blood from the veins passage
- Increase in venous pressure
- The appearance of trophic ulcers is the result of late therapy
During the treatment of tumors, infectious diseases of all forms of pathogenic agents, it is necessary to monitor the conditions of the legs.It is recommended to perform varicose veins and in a timely way of appropriate tests.It is recommended to be in a less time sitting position.The veins of the pelvis and hips are crushed, which negatively influences their tone.
Reasons
The main factor of theziology of varicose veins is genetics.Furthermore, it doesn't matter in which areas of the body the disease was located in relatives.If the genre is inherent in a gene that transports information on the weakness of the blood vessels, sooner or later it will appear if it will contribute to this:
- Sedentary lifestyle, long -term daily work activities in sitting or standing position
- Excessive pressure on the legs associated with lifting or moving weights
- Alcohol abuse, smoke, drugs
- Lack of desire for physical exercises
- Long term wearing high wheels shoes
If the pathology is already diagnosed, it is necessary to start the treatment as quickly as possible.
Violation of the veins of the valve apparatus
According to the results of numerous clinical studies, the ethiopathogenetic mechanisms that lead to varicose veins with valve deficit are reliablely.However, it is known that with improper operation, the valves do not completely overlap the lumen of the pot, which leads to a flow of blood and the development of stagnation.This leads to such violations:
- Stretch the walls of the veins
- Reduction of elasticity and ability to restore form
- Strengthen blood stagnation
Consequently, disturbing symptoms are manifested in the form of edema, pain and trophic disorders.The work of the venous valves is influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors: inheritance, pregnancy, weight, physical activity, hormonal renovation of the body.
Pregnancy
During pregnancy, women are at risk for the development of varicose veins.This is due to both hormonal variations and increase in loading on the internal organs, in the lower limbs.With any subsequent pregnancy, the risk of developing vascular violation increases.In this case, varicose veins can affect not only the lower limbs, but also a small pelvis, lips, uterus.
Klimax
During menopause, there is a renovation of the hormonal background, which can lead to an increased risk of varicose veins.Varicose veins can affect not only the legs, but also the organs of the pelvis, which is why the violation is often confused with inflammatory diseases: cystitis, endometriosis.Varicose veins derive due to a decrease in the elasticity of the venous walls, due to which there is an inverse blood launched through the vessels.
Prostate adenoma
Prostate adenoma is a pathological condition that is accompanied by prostate tissues and urinary outflow disorders.With adenoma, complaints arise for:
- Ucubsiacendeft
- Flow of weakened urine
- Allocation of involuntary urine, in particular, at night
After emptying the bladder, there is no relief, discomfort, mental stress.With a complete delay in the urine, the inflammatory process can develop, increases the risk of stone formation.In serious cases, intoxication and renal failure occur.The absence of high quality prostate adenoma therapy is full of complications, one of which is varicose veins.
Reception of hormonal contraceptives
The reception of hormonal contraceptives is associated with a high risk of vascular complications: varicose veins, thrombosis.This group of drugs causes an effect dependent on the dose: an excess risk of estrogen is equated with a greater probability of thrombosis.With a hereditary predisposition to varicose veins, it is recommended to refrain from the use of hormonal means and consider the possibility of using other saving contraception methods.
Hereditary predisposition
The hereditary predisposition is one of the key factors that leads to the development of varicose veins.In people with such a risk factor, the formation of a fine vascular shirt is observed.In the first signs of a violation, it is important to direct the efforts for the prevention of a further progression of the disease: to use the compression knitwear, the preparations based on Rutin and the Diosmina, give preference to a moderate physical effort, observe the method of consumption and do yoga.
Insufficient physical activity
The hypodynamic lifestyle often leads to the progression of varicose veins.The care of the selection of adequate physical effort with existing varicose veins must be negotiated preliminarily with a phlebologist.Unequivocable benefits are brought to daily air walks at fresh air at a comfortable rhythm: at least 10,000 steps per day.The venous system loves mobile sports.Of particular advantage to swim, run, ride a bicycle, walk Scandinavian.It is recommended to exclude the implementation of those exercises that can cause traumatic lesions of the lower limbs.
Excess weight
Excess body weight is a risk factor that increases the predisposition to the development of varicose veins.The situation is aggravated when other diseases, hormonal changes, bad habits are combined.People with varicose veins are not recommended to adhere to the severe diet and mono diet, so the weight loss process should be as soft and natural as possible.When the patient directs efforts to normalize body weight, he automatically slows down the progression of varicose veins.
In the initial stages of varicose veins, the outflow of venous blood slows down under the influence of hereditary and predisposing factors.Excess body weight only aggravates this situation.The pathological changes within the valves and blood vessels lead to the activation of a special mechanism: "rolling of leukocytes".This leads to the accumulation of leukocytes in the layers of endothelium and the development of inflammatory reactions.The pathological process gradually extends to the entire channel of the venous vessels, causing thinning and lengthening of the venous walls, as well as deformation of the valves.
An unhealthy lifestyle
People who do not adhere to the basic principles of a healthy lifestyle often face varicose veins.The situation is complicated by a immobile or inactive lifestyle, malnutrition, smoke, drinking alcohol, long static loads standing or sitting.Therefore, in order to prevent a further progression of varicose veins, it is necessary to direct the efforts for the correction of lifestyle: review the daily diet, normalize the weight, get rid of bad habits.
Legs in the legs
Traumatic lesions of the legs are often complicated by varicose veins.A wide variety of damage can affect the state of the valves and veins: a bruise of soft tissues, damage to the joints, violation of bone integrity.Any injuries of muscles, joints and bones lead to Edema, violations of the flow of blood in the area of surface and deep veins.
Stagnation can also be activated by slight injuries that require compliance with bed rest.Bone fractures are associated with a high risk of thrombosis.Medical statistics confirm that the risk of developing varicose veins in people who have undergone feet injuries are several times higher than the rest.If you are injured, first of all, the efforts are directed for its treatment.In the future, the medicines are selected to ensure optimal blood flow and prevent thinning of the blood vessels.It is recommended to use compression jersey clothing selected by a phlebologist.
Possible complications
In addition to the difficulties in movement, in pain, varicose veins represent a threat to blood clots.They come out, causing a death.Due to the circulation of a clot of torn blood, not only the vessels of the limbs, but also the pulmonary artery can suffer from blood flow.At the same time, the thromboembolism is diagnosed with the relief of the blood supply to the lung.Often the consequences of the varicose veins are:
- phlebitis
- stagnant dermatitis
- Chronic venous deficiency
- Restless legs syndrome
Septic thrombophlebitis occurs due to the thorough decomposition of a clot in the blood in the plasma in the blood.Aseptic phlebitis is a potential complication of the injection of special substances in Vienna to blame their lumen (sclerosis).
Diagnostics
The Doppler study is a standard diagnostic method for varicose veins.It is often used for the primary suspicion of the pathology without evident external signs, it provides clear ideas on its presence or absence.UZDS - Ultrasonic duplex scanning, refers to professional research methods.By combining the possibilities of ultrasound and dopplerography, the UZDs can show:
- Vienna Cross -Asectional formed
- The speed of movement, direction and intensity of the blood circulation (the images of the color coding are displayed on the monitor of medical equipment)
- The condition of the valves, the venous walls (thanks to the topography of the ships)
- Specific location of expansion
- The presence of blood clots, other obstacles to full blood circulation
Duplex Diagnostics - "Gold Standard" among other methods for the study of varicose veins on the legs.These include: occlusive platis, radionuclide phlegoscintography, reflective Reography, Photopletmography, CT, Flebography in contact with X -rays, direct phlebotometry.With their help, the feasibility of the surgical intervention is revealed.The procedures help to identify the quantity and position of the blood clots, the pressure inside the veins, the characteristics of blood flow disorders.
Treatment
In the initial phase of the development of the disease, the means of local use - cream, ointments effectively help.This therapy is convenient for domestic use.Only a few uses are able to reduce the symptoms of the expansion of the surface veins of 43% in 10-14 days a day.Another way to strengthen the elasticity of the veins is a contrast shower or a bathroom.Under the influence of the temperature difference, the ships expand and narrow, thus improving their tone.For the prevention and therapy of varicose veins, they also use:
- The use of a decoction of chamomile and mint, alcohol tincture on white acacia flowers.
- It envelops with the chestnut tincture.
- Rubbing in the affected places of apple vinegar, containing many trace elements, vitamins.
- Compresses with white, blue or green clay, which is located in a pharmacy.The recommended frequency of the procedure is twice a week.
Traditional medicine recipes complete the prescribed pharmacological treatment.But the following methods can only be applied after the approval of a phlebologist.The purpose of therapy is to restore the integrity and performance of the veins.There are 2 ways to reach it: grasp (glue) or cut the blood vessels.
Laser treatment
The technique is based on the use of the thermal properties of laser radiation.The raid of light, introduced under local anesthesia in Vienna, increases the temperature of hemoglobin in the blood, due to which the walls of the ship are "sealed" from the inside.The flow of blood is redistributed in deeper veins.The radiation generated are aimed, therefore they do not cause damage to the surrounding fabrics.
After some time, the new cells formed are absorbed.After the procedure, it is recommended to use a specialized knitwear of a type of compression.It is important to refrain from excessive physical effort and wear heels.Thanks to laser coagulation, it becomes possible to overcome varicose veins with a painless and minimally invasive way.
Sclerotherapy
It is prescribed in the initial stages of the disease with a slight expansion of the veins.It allows you to adjust the light of small ships between the "grid" or "stars".The procedure is a standard injection without relief from pain, the average duration of the manipulation is 7-14 minutes.The sclerosante substance performs the function of gluing with the subsequent reabsorption of the recently trained connective structure.As a result, the varicose veins stopped in 10-14 days.The relapse of the symptoms requires a laughing of referent in exceptional cases.
Sounds and tights
The compression underwear is classified for the length of: golfs (knee), socks (up to the thigh), tights (alive).They are recommended for patients during physical activity (including simulators or in a fitness room).The compression linen is indicated for long -term movements or, on the contrary, with a long stay in the seat.Medical knitwear contributes to blood circulation in difficult periods for blood vessels.
The benefits of the tights are invaluable: compress the veins, improving blood flow.Their specificity of production is based on the main function: to help blood move from the bottom to the heart.Therefore, in the ankles area it is difficult and higher, they become freer.A similar purpose in elastic bandages that contribute to the removal of swelling, discomfort.But the knitwear is more comfortable, comfortable in the process of wearing, removal, operation.Its voltage power is installed by the manufacturer and the probability of sliding on the skin is minimal.
Surgery
It is prescribed in the extreme phases of the pathology, when the rest of the therapeutic methods is ineffective.The most common operation is phlebectomy (reset of large vessels).Also kept:
- Surgical interventions on a focus in Zaffa and a phenomenon to the south-fence
- Amputation of the trunk of a large subcutaneous vein
- Intravasal plastic of deep vases
Many are opinions on the inadequacy of the removal of the veins if they do not interfere with life.However, surgeons have their arguments on this topic: to stop the danger of the formation of blood clots - first of all.An important role is played by the professionalism of the surgeon.
Rehabilitation after surgery
Includes standard recommendations for the failure of lymphatovenosis:
- Activation of mobility according to the eligible rules established by the doctor.First you have to at least occasionally knead your legs, then move on to physiotherapy exercises.
- Wear the elastic linen of the 1-2 compression class.An alternative - bandageing with the imposition of fixing tours.
- The use of Venetonic drugs: all types of ointments include and beyond.In serious patient condition, a local treatment with ointments containing eparine, antibacterial and hormonal drugs are prescribed.Their purpose is to reduce swelling, the symptoms of dermatosis, the dermatoliposclerosis;Improve the microcirculation of soft tissues.
- Physiotherapy: lymphatic drainage massage (if there are no complications, for example lymphors and heal wounds), magnetotherapy (up to 8 procedures for the entire rehabilitation period).
- The relief of hematomas, pain, inflammatory processes through the use of drugs of Polyferma, with the content of Potyxyfillin, anti -likes.
With an approach responsible for the above measures, the recovery period should not exceed 3 weeks, the maximum - one month.Procedures minimize the risk of blood clots, reduce the rehabilitation period.Contribute to the rapid restoration of full blood circulation, the ability to work.Immediately after the operation, the position of the legs in a slightly raised state contributes to better blood circulation.Steps can only be taken for 2 days, exclusively with support for the compression knitwear to prevent relapse.In the postoperative period, it is severely prohibited:
- Make hot baths or shower
- Lift the gravity, submit the body to excessive loads
- Use a Wash Telot and body care products (hygiene procedures must only be performed with hot water)
- Remove the crusts from the spaces of the healing wounds
- Subject to infection from soft tissues operated (for the prevention of complications, local antiseptic agents are used)
- Violates the prescribed diet and a calm lifestyle
The diet is necessary to include fresh vegetables, fruit and vegetables that "alkish" the body.Cook all dishes using purified water.The salt is better to replace the sea: it does not contain foreign impurities that scratch the vases from the inside.
Prevention
In order to prevent varicose veins on the legs, it is sufficient to observe the main conditions - every day, but moderate physical activity is required.Patients with congenital defects of venous walls may also avoid the disease if the following recommendations are followed:
- Conducting an electromystimulation of the legs is a simple but useful procedure available for everyone for use at home.It is sufficient to buy a neuromuscular stimulant in the pharmacy and use it according to the instructions.
- During flights or long journeys, the legs should be massaged - independently, with the help of pinching, light puncture, rubbing.The massage will eliminate stagnant phenomena in the lower limbs.
- Do not be involved in wearing narrow model shoes: the height of the heel is directly proportional to the level of risk of development of varicose veins.
- The hardening of cold water is an effective way to tone the cardiovascular system.
After a long stay in the seat, you have to take a walk or roll in a position erected by the tip to the heel.The recommendations listed are useful for people with a type of work in the office, they help to minimize the risk of varicose veins for drivers and sellers.